Hannah Chaplin, birth name Hannah Harriet Pedlingham Hill, stage name Lily Harley (August 6, 1865 – August 28, 1928[1]), was an English actress, singer and dancer who performed in British music halls from the age of 16. Chaplin was the mother of Charlie Chaplin and his two half-brothers, the actor Sydney Chaplin and the film director Wheeler Dryden.[2][3] As a result of debilitating illness, now thought to be syphilis, she was unable to continue performing from the mid-1890s. In 1921, she was relocated by her son Charlie to California, where she was cared for in a house in the San Fernando Valley until her death in August 1928.
Early life
Hannah Chaplin was born on August 6, 1865 at 11 Camden Street in the London district of Walworth.[4] Her father, Charles Frederick Hill, the son of a bricklayer, was a shoemaker who may have been of Irish descent. Her mother, Mary Ann Hodges, the daughter of a mercantile clerk, had previously been married to a sign writer who had died in an accident.[4]
Acting career
At the age of 16, Hannah left home to improve her fortunes by becoming an actress. Inspired by Lillie Langtry, one of the most successful female performers of the times, she adopted the stage name Lily Harley, performing as an actress and singer in the music halls.[5] While taking part in an Irish sketch Shamus O'Brien in the early 1880s, she fell for her stage partner Charles Chaplin, attracted by his charm and good looks. Reflecting on this period, Charlie Chaplin described his mother as "divine-looking." He was later told that she had been "dainty and attractive and had compelling charm."[5]
In about 1883, at approximately 18 years, she became involved with Sydney Hawkes (possibly Sidney Hawke) who took her to the South African gold-mining dictrict of Witwatersrand where, according to the psychiatrist Stephen Weissman in his 2008 book Chaplin: A Life, she was forced into prostitution. In 1884, pregnant by Hawkes, she returned to London where she again lived together with Charles Chaplin. In 1885, she gave birth to Sydney, Hawkes' son, and soon returned to the stage, performing at the Royal Music Hall in the northern French city of Le Havre. She married Charles on June 22, 1885 at St John's Church, Walworth.[6]
While there is little record of performances by Charles in the mid-1880s, Hannah Chaplin appeared in Bristol and Dublin in 1885, and in Belfast, Glasgow, Peckham, Aberdeen and Dundee in 1886. Press notices referred to her as "the refined and talented artist Lily Harley" who had been "a most brilliant hit at Gaity and Star, Glasgow, four and five turns every night and heaps of flowers."[5]
Onset of poor health
At the beginning of 1887, Hannah was back in London, where she first commented on her poor state of health. She appeared with her husband that year in Bath and at music halls in the north of England. Despite her illness, she continued to perform in 1888. Her husband became increasingly popular, yet she did not progress in her career. On April 15, 1889, she gave birth to a second child, Charles Spencer Chaplin, now better known as Charlie Chaplin. Hannah's relationship with her husband began to deteriorate, possibly as a result of his drinking or to his touring in North America during the summer of 1890.[5] In the early 1890s, Chaplin became involved with another music hall performer, Leo Dryden with whom she performed for a short period. On August 31, 1892, her third son, Wheeler Dryden was born and for a time the family seems to have lived comfortably in West Square, Southwark. In the spring of 1893, Dryden left, taking his son with him.[7]
In the early 1890s, it appears that Hannah spent time with her sister Kate, also a music hall artist, known on stage as Kitty Fairdale. It appears the two sisters lived together around 1892. Hannah wrote a number of successful songs for her, including "My Lady Friend" and, in particular, "The Lady Judge" which proved to be quite a success from 1893 to 1896.[5]
Hannah's health steadily worsened as she began to suffer from violent migraines. Her condition deteriorated even further when her mother was committed to the London County Asylum after alleged signs of madness, perhaps brought about by drink.[4][6] Hannah Chaplin appears to have joined the Vaudeville corps de ballet at London's Empire Theatre for a time, possibly to nurse her voice. Little is known of her life between 1892 and 1895. There is nevertheless a clear record of the night in 1894 when she lost her voice while performing at the Canteen in Aldershot. Her son Charlie, five years old at the time, sang in her place.[5]
Unable to perform on the stage, Hannah supported her two remaining children by dress-making at home. Charlie Chaplin's biography and other sources report that she was frequently in good spirits, entertaining the children with performances of her earlier stage acts or devising stories herself in the pantomime style. Her headaches continued, becoming so serious that on June 29, 1895, she was admitted to the Lambeth Infirmary where she spent the next month and was readmitted a few months later. The children had to leave home, Charlie eventually ending up in an orphanage.[5]
According to Weissman, who investigated Hannah Chaplin's medical records, she was suffering from syphilis. Documents from 1898 state that she was prone to violent psychotic episodes, typical of the third stage of the disease. Her condition deteriorated so much that when she was 35, she had to be admitted to the Cane Hill Asylum. On her release, she lived together with her sons in an inexpensive room in Kennington. She continued to work as a seamstress and also benefited from some assistance from Charlie's father until he died of cirrhosis of the liver at age 37. Hannah Chaplin was readmitted to hospital two years later, where she continued to experience serious signs of syphilis including "ravings and hallucinations." Her state deteriorated, and her son Charlie could "hardly bear to see her."[6]
Final years
When her son Charlie reached the age of 14, his career began to evolve. His half brother Sydney assisted him in finding work through theatrical agencies. They were soon in a position to assist their mother again, bringing her back home. Her reprieve did not last as was soon sent back to hospital after being found wandering the streets. By the time he was 21, Charlie had earned enough from his performances to travel to the United States where, by 1921, his career was blossoming. His mother's health deteriorated further into a state of dementia. Desperate to see her, he brought her to Hollywood where he was now living with Sydney and his other half brother, Wheeler Dryden.[6] There her sons ensured Hannah Chaplin received round-the-clock care in the new home they had found for her in the San Fernando Valley, California.[6]
Seven years later she died in hospital in Glendale, California, on August 28, 1928, with Charlie at her side.[3][8] She is buried in Hollywood Forever Cemetery.[2][9]
References
1. "Hannah Harriet Pedlingham Chaplin." Geni.
2. "Charlie's Mother: Hannah Chaplin." Charlie Chaplin – Official Website.
3. Weissman, Stephen (13 December 2013). Chaplin: A Life. Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated. pp. 14–. ISBN 978-1-62872-185-0.
4. Robinson, David (2014). Chaplin: His Life And Art. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 22, 162. ISBN 978-0-14-197918-2.
5. Anthony, Barry; Chaplin, Michael (2012). Chaplin's Music Hall: The Chaplins and Their Circle in the Limelight. I.B.Tauris. pp. 30–. ISBN 978-1-78076-314-9.
6. Roberts, Glenys (December 7, 2009). "Revealed: The dark secrets about Charlie Chaplin's mother that fired his genius." Daily Mail.
7. Milton, Joyce (2014). Tramp: The Life of Charlie Chaplin. Open Road Media. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-1-4976-5916-2.
8. Bailey, Stanley (August 29, 1928). "Death Takes Mrs. Chaplin." The Pittsburgh Press.
9. "Life Stories – Hannah Chaplin." Hollywood Forever Cemetery.
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